Hypokinetic Activity of Menthofuran on the Gastrointestinal Tract in Rodents.

The acute toxicity and hypokinetic activity induced by menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents were investigated in the present study. An absence of acute toxicity was observed. Menthofuran delayed gastric emptying at oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the experimental model of phenol red, as well as it reduced the intestinal transit at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, a scopolamine-similar hypokinetic effect was observed for menthofuran. In the experimental model of castor oil-induced intestinal hypermotility, menthofuran (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the number of loose stools as observed for the normal group. Additionally, menthofuran induced a marked concentration-dependent relaxation in rat ileum segments precontracted with KCl (EC50 = 0.059 ± 0.008 µg/mL) or carbachol (EC50 = 0.068 ± 0.007 µg/mL). These results suggest the possible decrease of calcium influx underlying the effects of menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract, which opens the door for further study regarding this potential application for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, noting possible limitations of its use due to adverse effects in children.

Effects of consumption of mauritia flexuosa fruits on renal and hepatic functions in growing rats

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported that buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) is a typical fruit from the Brazilian cerrado ecosystem and an important food source for low-income populations. Its composition is rich in carotenoid polyphenols, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ascorbic acid. However, studies on the biological effects resulting from the consumption of this fruit are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a diet supplemented with buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) on kidney and liver functions in growing rats. METHODS: Determination of centesimal composition, carotenoids, and fatty acids content for buriti pulp, standard chow, and butiti-supplemented chow were performed. Then, Wistar rats of both sexes were fed a standard diet or supplemented with buriti pulp. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment to determine biochemical parameters. The unpaired t-test was applied, and differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: A diet enriched with buriti pulp did not interfere with kidney function and most markers of liver function in animals. Alkaline phosphatase showed significantly higher plasma concentration in female rats, and albumin and uric acid showed lower concentrations in male rats in both experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The changes observed in biochemical markers did not provide evidence of adverse effects of buriti pulp supplementation on liver function. Thus, the intake of buriti pulp can be encouraged as it is a low-cost food source for the general population.

Ethyl ferulate/ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex inhibits edema formation.

Ethyl ferulate, a phenylpropanoid derived from rice hulls has aroused interest because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, it has low solubility in water which compromises the absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, decreases the bioavailability and compromises the reproducibility of the effects in vivo. To increase the solubility of ethyl ferulate, inclusion complexes were obtained by physical mixing, malaxing, lyophilization and spray drying and characterized using thermal analysis, XRD and FTIR. The complexes obtained were evaluated for ethyl ferulate content, stability, dissolution profile and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in vivo through carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The inclusion complexes obtained resulted in increased solubility and stability compared to the isolated ethyl ferulate. In addition, the complexes obtained by malaxage, lyophilization and spray drying showed greater inhibition of the edema formation induced by carrageenan compared to ethyl ferulate 100 mg/kg v.o. The inclusion of ethyl ferulate in B-cyclodextrin resulted in the formation of stable inclusion complexes with potent antidematogenic activity possibly attributed to the increased solubility, dissolution profile of the active.

Prevalência de fraturas de platô tibial em pacientes de um hospital público do Piauí / Prevalence of tibial plateau fractures in patients of a public hospital in Piauí

Determinar prevalência de fraturas de platô tibial em pacientes internos em um Hospital Público do Piauí. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 50 prontuários com Fraturas de Platô Tibial de Janeiro de 2017 a Janeiro de 2018. O instrumento de análise foi um questionário composto por informações relevantes, como: sexo, idade, raça, mecanismo de lesão, tipos de fratura e lado, para a coleta dos dados. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva com cálculos de médias, desvio padrão e frequências absoluta e relativa. RESULTADOS: A maior incidência das fraturas foi no sexo masculino (72%). A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 38 ± 13,86 anos, vítimas principalmente de acidentes automobilísticos (66%), sendo o lado mais acometido o direito (70%) com a incidência maior de fratura oblíqua (48%). CONCLUSÃO: há maior prevalência de fraturas do platô tibial no sexo masculino, faixa etária de 19-29 anos, vítima de acidente automobilísticos, com fraturas oblíquas.

To determine the prevalence of tibial plateau fractures in internal patients at a Public Hospital of Piauí. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty medical records with Tibial Plateau Fractures from January 2017 to January 2018 were analyzed. The analysis instrument was a questionnaire composed of relevant information, such as: sex, age, race, injury mechanism, types of fracture and affected side, for data collection. For data analysis we used descriptive statistics with calculations of means, standard deviation and absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS: The highest incidence of fractures was in males (72%). The mean age of the patients was 38 ± 13.86 years, mainly victims of automobile accidents (66%), with the right side most affected (70%) with the highest incidence of oblique fracture (48%). CONCLUSION: there is a higher prevalence of fractures of the tibial plateau in males, aged 19-29 years, victim of automobile accidents, with oblique fractures.

Correlação do valgo dinâmico com lesões de joelho em corredores / Correlation of dynamic valgus with knee injuries in runners

INTRODUÇÃO: Os corredores têm uma grande incidência de lesões em membros inferiores, sendo o joelho a articulação mais acometida. A mesma sofre influência direta do quadril e das articulações adjacentes. Fraqueza muscular de extensores, rotadores laterais e abdutores de quadril levam a uma alteração biomecânica chamada valgo dinâmico, que é um mecanismo compensatório, onde o centro da articulação do joelho se desloca medialmente. OBJETIVO: Esse estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar o valgo dinâmico com lesões, ângulo Q e nivelamento da pelve. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Tratase de uma Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, investigativa e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de abril de 2019, na Federação de Atletismo do Piauí com 14 corredores homens, com idade acima de 18 anos. Para obtenção dos dados foi utilizado um questionário e o teste step down que foi submetido ao software para avaliação postural (SAPO) e um questionário. Os mesmos foram analisados quanto a sua normalidade de distribuição das amostras, pelo teste de Kolmogov-Sminorv, e teste de Pearson para analises de dados numéricos, foi tabulado no excel para posterior analise no GraphPad Prism 7.1. O nível de significância para análise estatística foi considerada como p< 0,05. O trabalho foi executado após aprovação no comitê de ética (CAAE: 11001219.5.0000.5193). RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos não mostraram correlação do valgo dinâmico com lesões, com ângulo Q (R2=-0.200) e com nivelamento da pelve(R2=0.253) e p>0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo não foi encontrada correlação entre o valgo dinâmico, lesões de joelho, ângulo Q e nivelamento da pelve.

INTRODUCTION: Runners have a high incidence of lower limb injuries, with the knee being the most affected joint. It is directly influenced by the hip and adjacent joints. Muscle weakness of extensors, lateral rotators, and hip abductors leads to a biomechanical change called dynamic valgus, which is a compensatory mechanism, where the center of the knee joint moves medially. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to correlate dynamic valgus with lesions, Q angle and pelvic leveling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a field research, descriptive, investigative and quantitative. Data were collected in April 2019 at the Piauí Athletics Federation with 14 male runners over 18 years old. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was used and the step down test was submitted to the software for postural evaluation (SAPO) and a questionnaire. They were analyzed for their normal distribution of samples by the Kolmogov-Sminorv test and Pearson's test for numerical data analysis, tabulated in excel for further analysis in GraphPad Prism 7.1. The significance level for statistical analysis was considered as p <0.05. The work was performed after approval by the ethics committee (CAAE: 11001219.5.0000.5193). RESULTS: The results showed no correlation between dynamic valgus and lesions, with Q angle (R2 = -0.200) and pelvic leveling (R2 = 0.253) and p> 0.05. CONCLUSION: In this study no correlation was found between dynamic valgus, knee injuries, Q angle and pelvic leveling.

Avaliação dos sintomas osteomusculares em praticantes de handebol de uma faculdade / Evaluation of osteomuscular symptoms in handball players of a college

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos está crescendo a quantidade de jovens atletas (jogadores de handebol). O handebol é uma modalidade esportiva de arremesso. Nele ocorre gesto rápido e complexo, dividido em fases diferentes como: progressão, armação do braço, passada, aceleração e desaceleração do braço. Portanto, o handebol é um esporte de alta intensidade composto por acelerações repetitivas que exige grande esforço das articulações, principalmente do ombro, onde os movimentos e posicionamentos podem gerar alto risco de lesões ligamentares, tendinosas e capsulares. OBJETIVO: avaliar a presença de sintomas osteomusculares desenvolvidos em praticantes de handebol. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo observacional no qual foi aplicado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares em atletas de handebol da seleção de uma Faculdade Particular do Piauí a fim de avaliar as lesões mais prevalentes em jogadores de handebol. Foram incluídos os atletas com idade apartir de 18 anos, ativos e sem lesões no ato da pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva com base nas frequências absolutas e relativas das queixas aprsentadas. RESULTADOS: As regiões com maior prevalência de queixas foram joelhos 10 (50%) seguido de 9 (45%) ombros. As regiões cujas lesões impossibilitaram a realização das atividades desportivas mais frequentemente foram 4 (20%) nas regiões ombros, quadris, joelhos, tornozelo por entorses ou torções. Havendo uma maior procura por atendimento especializado nos últimos meses de 5 (25%) em joelho e tornozelo. CONCLUSÃO: As regiões com maior frequência de acometimentos em praticantes de handball foram ombro, joelho e tornozelo.

INTRODUCTION: The number of young athletes (handball players) has grown in recent years. Handball is a sporting form of throwing. It occurs in a fast and complex gesture, divided into different phases such as: progression, arm, past, acceleration and deceleration of the arm. Therefore, handball is a high intensity sport composed of repetitive accelerations that requires great effort of the joints, especially of the shoulder, where the movements and positionings can generate high risk of ligament, tendinosis and capsular lesions. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms developed in handball players. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational study in which the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was applied to handball athletes from a private college in Piauí to assess the most prevalent injuries in handball players. We included athletes aged from 18 years, active and without injuries at the time of the research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on the absolute and relative frequencies of the complaints presented. RESULTS: The regions with the highest prevalence of complaints were knees 10 (50%) followed by 9 (45%) shoulders. The regions whose injuries prevented the performance of sports activities were more frequently 4 (20%) in the shoulder, hips, knees, ankle, or twist regions. There is a greater demand for specialized care in the last months of 5 (25%) in knee and ankle. CONCLUSION: The regions with the highest frequency of injuries in handball players were shoulder, knee and ankle.

Systematic review and technological prospection: ethyl ferulate, a phenylpropanoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective actions.

INTRODUCTION: Ethyl ferulate is a phenylpropanoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of natural and synthetic origin with potential uses in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the current scenario regarding patents and scientific articles available involving the substance in question, regarding aspects such as quantity, areas of knowledge and depositor countries. AREAS COVERED: To do so, we conducted technological and scientific prospecting on the WIPO, EPO, USPTO and INPI and scientific databases in PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs databases using the keywords 'ferulic acid ethyl ester' and 'ethyl ferulate' in English and Portuguese. A total of 16 articles and 17 patents of which 10 were Chinese and 11 claimed the use of ethyl ferulate or for the synthesis of other substances or synthetic methods of the same. Five of the patents selected claimed therapeutic applications related to the treatment of mycobacterial infections, use as a cosmetic and neuroprotective activity. The systematic review of the literature revealed antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antiapoptotic, antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities. EXPERT OPINION: The technological and scientific prospection highlighted ethyl ferulate, despite its known pharmacological activities, is little explored by the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

Inhibition of neutrophil migration and reduction of oxidative stress by ethyl p-coumarate in acute and chronic inflammatory models.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that medicinal plants and their products are relevant candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Ethyl p-coumarate is a phenylpropanoid that has similar structure to others anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances. However, these activities have never been tested. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethyl p-coumarate on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. STUDY DESIGN: This is an experimental study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl p-coumarate in acute and chronic models of inflammation. METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl p-coumarate was evaluated in Swiss mice by carrageenan-induced paw edema model (1%, 50 µl), followed by histological analysis, and edema induced by compound 48/80 (12 µg/paw), histamine (100  µg/paw), serotonin (100 µg/paw) and prostaglandin E2 (3 nmol/paw) in comparison to indomethacin treatment (10 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, peritonitis was induced by carrageenan (500 µg/cavity) to neutrophil and total leukocytes counting, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), nitrite (NO2-), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. The arthritis model was induced with Freund's complete adjuvant (id. 0.1 ml) in female Wistar rats, with measurement of joint diameter and X-ray. Changes in gastric tissue of Swiss mice were analyzed in comparison to indomethacin (20  mg/kg, p.o.). RESULTS: After treatment with ethyl p-coumarate, the animals had no apparent toxic effects, and significantly inhibited paw edema induced by edematogenic agents, neutrophil (p < 0.001) and total leukocyte (p < 0.001) migration, MPO (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-8 (p < 0.5), MDA (p < 0.5), GSH (p < 0.5), NO2- (p < 0.001), joint thickness and bones changes. Furthermore, were not observed significant formation of gastric lesions. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that ethyl p-coumarate exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte migration without causing gastric lesions.

Prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em bailarinos contemporâneos do Balé da Cidade de Teresina / Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in contemporary ballet Bancers in the City of Teresina

Objetivo: Verificar as lesões musculoesqueléticas mais prevalentes em bailarinos contemporâneos do Balé da Cidade de Teresina. Métodos: será realizado um estudo transversal descritivo explicativo feito com 12 bailarinos de 18 á 35 anos de idade do balé da cidade de Teresina, onde será aplicado 3 questionários. Questionário bipolar- avaliação de fadiga, nórdico musculoesquelético e outro elaborado pela autora do trabalho. Resultados: Foram obtidos através dos questionários que avaliam dores, fadiga no trabalho e tipos de lesões nos bailarinos. Conclusão: Pode concluir-se que dor, fadiga pode ocasionar vários tipos de lesões musculoesqueléticas em bailarinos contemporâneos.

Objective: To verify the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries in contemporary ballet dancers in the city of Teresina Methods: a descriptive cross - sectional study will be carried out with 12 ballet dancers from 20 to 40 years of age from the ballet of the city of Teresina, where 3 questionnaires will be applied. Bipolar questionnaire - evaluation of fatigue, musculoskeletal and other Nordic elaborated by the author of the work. Results: They were obtained through questionnaires that evaluated pain, fatigue at work and types of injuries in dancers. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pain, fatigue can cause several types of musculoskeletal injuries in contemporary dancers

Pharmaceutical development of tablets containing a spray-dried optimized extract from Lippia origanoides H. B. K.: influence of excipients and toxicological assessment

ABSTRACT Lippia origanoides is a honey shrub which has showed hypotensive potential assessed by in vivo studies. The aim of this work is the development of a pharmaceutical formulation composed by an optimized extract obtained from aerial parts of L. origanoides. The quantification of the naringenin marker in the dry extract and tablets developed was performed, as well as the assessment of the oral acute toxicity in rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. origanoides was spray-dried with the addition of colloidal silicon dioxide (Lo-HAE/CSD), and then applied in the preparation of eight different lots of tablets. The influence of the diluent (cellulose or babassu mesocarp), the presence of binder, and the percentage of lubricant, as well as organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were screened. For the quantification of the marker content both in Lo-HAE/CSD and in the tablets, an analytical curve of the naringenin standard was fitted, and the samples were then analyzed in UFLC. The toxicological assessment was performed in female Wistar rats according to the Acute Toxic Class Method from OECD. The developed tablets produced meet acceptable macroscopic characteristics, and the presence of babassu as diluent provided improved physicochemical properties. The best content of Lo-HAE/CSD in the tablet (100.27%) was identified for the lot containing babassu, composed by 1.0% magnesium stearate, without PVP binder in its formulation. Moreover, Lo-HAE/CSD showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, the babassu mesocarp powder is a promising pharmaceutical excipient for the development of herbal tablets containing the Lippia origanoides extract.

Hepatic function and antioxidant activity in diabetic rats subjected to diet supplemented with multimixture.

INTRODUCTION: Food and dietetic components have received considerable attention as auxiliary feeding resources on controlling of chronic non-transmissible diseases, among them diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of supplementary diet with multimixture based on linseed, sesame, oats and sunflower seeds on the hepatic function and antioxidant activity of diabetic rats. METHODS: Male rats were distributed on groups of seven animals: diabetic control (DC), diabetics subject to multimixture diet (DM), diabetic with insulin (DI), and normal control (NC). The treatment was started on the 5th day after diabetes induction with 40 mg/kg i.v. streptozotocin on tampon citrate and kept during 50 days. RESULTS: The ethereal extract of the supplemented diet showed a higher content of phenolics (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts of the supplemented diet and the ethereal extract of the standard diet. There was no difference in antioxidant in vitro activity of the utilized diets. Concerning to transaminases, significant bigger ALT levels (p < 0.05) were present on diabetic groups compared to NC. The relative liver weight on diabetic groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to NC group. Non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on DM and I groups when compared to DM and NC. Only the treatment with insulin resulted in an improvement of antioxidant activity concerning to hepatic catalase. The supplementation with multimixture did not improve the metabolic control of diabetes. CONCLUSION: The multimixture treatment showed an isolated improvement on antioxidant activity in the hepatic tissue, evidenced by the increasing on non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels.

Hepatic function and antioxidant activity in diabetic rats subjected to diet supplemented with multimixture / Función hepática y actividad antioxidante en ratas diabéticas con dieta suplementada con multimezcla

Introduction: Food and dietetic components have received considerable attention as auxiliary feeding resources on controlling of chronic non-transmissible diseases, among them diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of supplementary diet with multimixture based on linseed, sesame, oats and sunflower seeds on the hepatic function and antioxidant activity of diabetic rats. Methods: Male rats were distributed on groups of seven animals: diabetic control (DC), diabetics subject to multimixture diet (DM), diabetic with insulin (DI), and normal control (NC). The treatment was started on the 5th day after diabetes induction with 40 mg/kg i.v. streptozotocin on tampon citrate and kept during 50 days. Results: The ethereal extract of the supplemented diet showed a higher content of phenolics (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts of the supplemented diet and the ethereal extract of the standard diet. There was no difference in antioxidant in vitro activity of the utilized diets. Concerning to transaminases, signifi cant bigger ALT levels (p < 0.05) were present on diabetic groups compared to NC. The relative liver weight on diabetic groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to NC group. Non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on DM and I groups when compared to DM and NC. Only the treatment with insulin resulted in an improvement of antioxidant activity concerning to hepatic catalase. The supplementation with multimixture did not improve the metabolic control of diabetes. Conclusion: The multimixture treatment showed an isolated improvement on antioxidant activity in the hepatic tissue, evidenced by the increasing on non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels (AU)

Introducción: alimentos y componentes de la dieta han recibido considerable atención como recursos auxiliares en el control de las enfermedades crónicas, como la diabetes. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la dieta suplementada con base de linaza multimezcla, sésamo, avena y semillas de girasol en la función hepática y la actividad antioxidante de ratas diabéticas. Métodos: las ratas macho fueron divididas en grupos de siete animales: control de la diabetes (CD), diabéticos sometidos a dieta multimezcla (DM), diabéticos con insulina (DI), y control normal (CN). El tratamiento se inició en el quinto día después de la inducción de la diabetes con estreptozotocina 40 mg/kg i.v. en tampón citrato y se mantuvo durante 50 días. Resultados: la dieta extracto etéreo complementado tenía el contenido fenólico más alto (p < 0,05) que los otros extractos de la suplementación de la dieta y el extracto de éter de la comida estándar. No hubo diferencia en la actividad antioxidante in vitro de la alimentación usada. A medida que las transaminasas, los niveles de ALT significativamente mayor (p < 0,05) estuvieron presentes en el grupo de diabéticos en comparación con CN, el peso relativo del hígado en el grupo de diabéticos fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001) en comparación con el grupo CN. Los grupos sulfhidrilo de los niveles de proteína no fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) en los grupos F e I comparados con CN y CD. El tratamiento con insulina resultó en una mejora de la actividad antioxidante con respecto a la catalasa hepática. Conclusión: la suplementación con multimezcla no mejora el control metabólico de la diabetes. El tratamiento con multimezcla aislado mostró una mejora en la actividad antioxidante en el tejido hepático, como se evidencia por el aumento de los niveles de grupos sulfhidrilo no proteicos (AU)

Ferulic acid ethyl ester diminished Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced incapacitation through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is a derivate from ferulic acid which reportedly has antioxidant effect; however, its role on inflammation was unknown. In this study, we investigated the orally administered FAEE anti-inflammatory activity on experimental inflammation models and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. CFA-induced arthritis has been evaluated by incapacitation model and radiographic knee joint records at different observation time. FAEE (po) reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema (p < 0.001) within the 1st to 5th hours at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses. FAEE 50 and 100 mg/kg, po inhibited leukocyte migration into air pouch model (p < 0.001), and myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities (p < 0.001) increased total thiol concentration and decreased the TNF-α and IL-1ß concentrations, NO, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species. In the CFA-induced arthritis, FAEE 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the edema and the elevation paw time, a joint disability parameter, since second hour after arthritis induction (p < 0.001). FAEE presented rat joint protective activity in radiographic records (p < 0.001). The data suggest that the FAEE exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting leukocyte migration, oxidative stress reduction, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress in patients on renal hemodialysis program.

INTRODUCTION: Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g/dL) were defined as case (n = 26) and control (n = 38) those with ALB ≥ 3.5 g/dL.Determinations of activity superoxide dismutase (SOD)and nitric oxide production by the contraction of nitrite in erythrocytes, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)in plasma, lipid profile and micronutrient antioxidants intake were performed. For comparisons between groups,the Student t test was used. Possible associations between variables were tested using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: Consumption of copper was significantly lower(p < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations. CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper.

Introducción: La albumina se considera una molecula antioxidante extracelular importante. La hipoalbuminemia es un predictor fuerte e independiente de mortalidad en pacientes en hemodialisis. El presente estudio evaluo la relacion entre hipoalbuminemia y el estres oxidativo mediante la comparacion de la actividad de la superoxido dismutasa, la peroxidacion lipidica y el consumo de micronutrientes antioxidantes en pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles se llevo a cabo con 64 pacientes de ambos sexos de 18 a 59 anos. Los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g / dL) se definieron como los casos (n = 26) y el grupo control (n = 38) aquellos con ALB ≥ 3,5 g/dL. Fueran realizadas determinaciones de la actividad de la superoxido dismutasa en los eritrocitos, la produccion de oxido nitrico por la contraccion de nitrito e concentracion de malondialdehido (MDA) en plasma, el perfil de lipidos en plasma, la ingesta de proteinas y micronutrientes antioxidantes se realizaron. Para las comparaciones entre grupos, se utilizo la prueba t de Student. Posibles asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante el test de correlacion lineal y Pearson y en la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El consumo de cobre fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) para el grupo con hipoalbuminemia. Correlaciones entres las concentraciones de albumina y el uso de cobre (r = 0,280). Se encontro correlacion negativa entre las concentraciones de albumina y MDA. Conclusión: La hipoalbuminemia se asocia con aumento de la peroxidacion lipidica, y puede contribuir al estres oxidativo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica. Ademas, los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica sometidos a hemodialisis evaluados en este estudio habian reducido el consumo de cobre.

Hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress in patients on renal hemodialysis program / Hipoalbuminemia y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes en programa de diálisis renal

Introduction: Albumin is considered an important extracellular antioxidant molecule. hypoalbuminemia is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis. The present study evaluated the relation between hypoalbuminemia and oxidative stress by comparing superoxide dismutase activity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant micronutrient consumption in chronic renal failure patients. Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 64 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years. The patients with hypoalbuminemia (ALB < 0.05) in the group with hypoalbuminemia. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of albumin and intake copper (r = 0.280). Negative correlation was found between albumin and MDA concentrations. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, and can contribute to oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients. Additionally, patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis evaluated in this study had reduced consumption of cooper (AU)

Introducción: La albúmina se considera una molécula antioxidante extracelular importante. La hipoalbuminemia es un predictor fuerte e independiente de mortalidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis. El presente estudio evaluó la relación entre hipoalbuminemia y el estrés oxidativo mediante la comparación de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa, la peroxidación lipídica y el consumo de micronutrientes antioxidantes en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Métodos: Este estudio de casos y controles se llevó a cabo con 64 pacientes de ambos sexos de 18 a 59 años. Los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia (ALB < 3,5 g / dL) se definieron como los casos (n = 26) y el grupo control (n = 38) aquellos con ALB ≥ 3,5 g/dL. Fueran realizadas determinaciones de la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa en los eritrócitos, la producción de óxido nítrico por la contracción de nitrito e concentración de malondialdehído (MDA) en plasma, el perfil de lípidos en plasma, la ingesta de proteínas y micronutrientes antioxidantes se realizaron. Para las comparaciones entre grupos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student. Posibles asociaciones entre variables se analizaron mediante el test de correlación lineal y Pearson y en la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El consumo de cobre fue significativamente menor (p < 0,05) para el grupo con hipoalbuminemia. Correlaciones entres las concentraciones de albúmina y el uso de cobre (r = 0,280). Se encontró correlación negativa entre las concentraciones de albúmina y MDA. Conclusión: La hipoalbuminemia se asocia con aumento de la peroxidación lipídica, y puede contribuir al estrés oxidativo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Además, los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis evaluados en este estudio habían reducido el consumo de cobre (AU)

Dor lombar em adolescentes: um rastreamento escolar / Low back pain in adolescents: a school screening

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar é um sintoma com repercussões biopsicossociais com potencial de atingir o indivíduo como um todo. A idade escolar coincide com um período importante no desenvolvimento humano e em que desigualdades e compensações resultantes de posturas inadequadas ou alterações estruturais podem aumentar a chance do surgimento de dores. OBJETIVO: Estimar prevalência de dor lombar entre adolescentes. MÉTODO: A amostra foi constituída por 166 adolescentes com idades entre 11 e 18 anos (86 meninas e 80 meninos), regularmente matriculados em um colégio particular em cidade do estado do Piauí, no ano letivo 2012. Um questionário estruturado contendo questões fechadas sobre sexo, idade e aspectos relacionados à dor lombar foi utilizado. RESULTADOS: Quase 80% dos estudantes referiram presença de lombalgia no último ano, e quase metade (41,3 %) informou dor classificada como grau 3 segundo escala de faces. Cerca de dois terços dos adolescentes (63,1%) afirmaram não deixar de realizar suas atividades diárias por conta da dor. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre sexo e dor lombar (p = 0,117) ou intensidade de dor (p = 0,065), embora para esta última variável tenha sido encontrado p-valor marginal. CONCLUSÃO: Elevada prevalência de dor lombar foi encontrada no grupo estudado, sem diferenças entre sexos quanto às características da dor.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain is a symptom with biopsychosocial implications with the potential to reach the whole individual. The school-age coincides with an important period in human development and in which inequalities and compensation resulting from poor posture or structural changes may increase the chance of the emergence of pain. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of low back pain among adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 166 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (86 girls and 80 boys) enrolled in a private school in a town in the state of Piauí, in the academic year 2012. A structured questionnaire with closed questions on gender and low back pain aspects was used. RESULTS: Almost 80% of the students reported the presence of low back pain in the past year, and nearly half (41.3%) reported pain classified as 3, according to faces pain scale. About two-thirds of the adolescents (63.1%) said they did not fail to perform their daily activities due to pain.There was no statistically significant association between gender and low back pain (p = 0.117) or pain intensity (p = 0.065), although for the latter a variable marginal p-value was found. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of low back pain was found in the study group without gender differences regarding pain characteristics.(AU)

Dor lombar em adolescentes: um rastreamento escolar / Low back pain in adolescents: a school screening

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar é um sintoma com repercussões biopsicossociais com potencial de atingir o indivíduo como um todo. A idade escolar coincide com um período importante no desenvolvimento humano e em que desigualdades e compensações resultantes de posturas inadequadas ou alterações estruturais podem aumentar a chance do surgimento de dores. OBJETIVO: Estimar prevalência de dor lombar entre adolescentes. MÉTODO: A amostra foi constituída por 166 adolescentes com idades entre 11 e 18 anos (86 meninas e 80 meninos), regularmente matriculados em um colégio particular em cidade do estado do Piauí, no ano letivo 2012. Um questionário estruturado contendo questões fechadas sobre sexo, idade e aspectos relacionados à dor lombar foi utilizado. RESULTADOS: Quase 80% dos estudantes referiram presença de lombalgia no último ano, e quase metade (41,3 %) informou dor classificada como grau 3 segundo escala de faces. Cerca de dois terços dos adolescentes (63,1%) afirmaram não deixar de realizar suas atividades diárias por conta da dor. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre sexo e dor lombar (p = 0,117) ou intensidade de dor (p = 0,065), embora para esta última variável tenha sido encontrado p-valor marginal. CONCLUSÃO: Elevada prevalência de dor lombar foi encontrada no grupo estudado, sem diferenças entre sexos quanto às características da dor.

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain is a symptom with biopsychosocial implications with the potential to reach the whole individual. The school-age coincides with an important period in human development and in which inequalities and compensation resulting from poor posture or structural changes may increase the chance of the emergence of pain. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of low back pain among adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 166 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (86 girls and 80 boys) enrolled in a private school in a town in the state of Piauí, in the academic year 2012. A structured questionnaire with closed questions on gender and low back pain aspects was used. RESULTS: Almost 80% of the students reported the presence of low back pain in the past year, and nearly half (41.3%) reported pain classified as 3, according to faces pain scale. About two-thirds of the adolescents (63.1%) said they did not fail to perform their daily activities due to pain.There was no statistically significant association between gender and low back pain (p = 0.117) or pain intensity (p = 0.065), although for the latter a variable marginal p-value was found. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of low back pain was found in the study group without gender differences regarding pain characteristics.

Efeito do exercício físico e da administração de testosterona na consolidação de fraturas de tíbia em ratos / Effects of exercise and testosterone administration on tibia fracture healing in rats

INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos têm sido realizados visando identificar um medicamento que acelere a consolidação de fraturas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do exercício físico e da administração de testosterona no processo de consolidação de fratura de tíbia e fíbula de ratos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Rattus norvegicus (250 a 300 g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de oito animais: Controle- fratura e imobilização; G1- fratura, imobilização e propionato de testosterona; G2- fratura, imobilização e treinamento físico de natação; G3- fratura, imobilização, treinamento físico de natação e propionato de testosterona. Os tratamentos foram iniciados imediatamente após a realização de fraturas fechadas no terço médio da tíbia direita. O programa de treinamento físico consistiu em 50 minutos de natação durante quatro semanas, cinco vezes por semana. O propionato de testosterona 3 mg/kg foi administrado por via subcutânea cinco vezes na semana durante quatro semanas. As variáveis analisadas incluíram evolução ponderal, tamanho do calo ósseo, níveis séricos de fósforo, cálcio, albumina, proteínas totais e atividade da fosfatase alcalina. RESULTADOS: O tamanho do calo ósseo foi maior no grupo submetido a tratamento combinando imobilização, exercício físico e testosterona. Os grupos tratados com testosterona combinada ou não a programa de natação apresentaram maiores níveis de fósforo e de fosfatase alcalina, além de menores níveis de proteínas totais e albumina. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo submetido ao programa de treinamento físico de natação combinado com a administração de testosterona obteve melhor consolidação óssea evidenciada pelo maior calo ósseo e atividade aumentada da fosfatase alcalina, sugerindo maior rapidez no processo de consolidação óssea.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have been conducted to identify a drug to accelerate the consolidation of fractures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise and the administration of testosterone in the consolidation process of fracture of the tibia and fibula of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rattus norvegicus (250 to 300 g) were randomly assigned to four groups of eight animals: Control- fracture and immobilization; G1- fracture, immobilization and testosterone propionate; G2- fracture, immobilization and physical training of swimming; G3- fracture, immobilization, physical training and swimming testosterone propionate. The treatments started immediately after completion of closed fractures in the middle third of right tibia. The physical training program consisted of 50 minutes of swimming for four weeks, five times a week. The testosterone propionate 3 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously five times a week for four weeks. The variables analyzed included weight gain, size of bone callus, serum phosphorus, calcium, albumin, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS: The size of callus was higher in group undergoing treatment combining immobilization, exercise and testosterone. The groups treated with testosterone, combined or not with the swimming program, had higher levels of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and lower levels of total protein and albumin. CONCLUSION: The group undergoing swimming exercise training combined with the administration of testosterone obtained best evidenced by increased bone callus and alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting faster bone healing process.

Chest and neck mobilization effects on spirometric responses in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the effects of chest and neck mobilization on spirometric parameters in healthy subjects. METHODS: We conducted an observational, quantitative, and experimental study in a sample of 100 healthy subjects. We evaluated spirometric parameters before and after pompage mobilization techniques. Three techniques were used, and each technique was performed 6 times. RESULTS: Forced vital capacity (3.4 ± 0.1 L vs 3.5 ± 0.1 L), forced expiratory volume at the first second (3.2 ± 0.09 L vs 3.3 ± 0.09 L), and peak expiratory flow (6.4 ± 0.27 L/s vs 6.6 ± 0.25 L/s) were significantly increased after mobilization (P < .0001), whereas Tiffeneau index (94% ± 1% vs 6% ± 0.2%) was decreased (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Chest and neck mobilization techniques used in this study improved spirometric parameters in a group of young and healthy subjects.